Factor VII Deficiency (F7 Dog)
Factor VII deficiency (F7 deficiency) is a blood coagulation disorder. Factor 7 is a glycoprotein and plays an important role in inducing blood coagulation. If the disease occurs, there is a lack of factor 7, causing affected animals to show symptoms such as intense and prolonged bleedingafter injuries (for example also after surgery).
The disease occurs in many breeds, such as Airedale Terrier, Beagle, Dachshund, German Wirehaired Pointer, Schnauzer and many others. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.
Symptoms
- Intense and prolonged bleeding after injuries (for example also after surgery)
- Poor wound healing
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Haematomas
- Bleeding disorders in pregnant bitches or in those that have already whelped
General Information
- Factor VII deficiency (F7 deficiency) is a blood coagulation disorder.
- Factor 7 is a glycoprotein and plays an important role in inducing blood coagulation.
- If factor 7 is deficient, the signalling cascade for blood coagulation is triggered to a lesser extent.
Breeds affected
Beagle, Dachshund, Airedale Terrier, Alaskan Klee Kai, American Foxhound, German Wirehaired Pointer, Finnish Hound, Irish Water Spaniel, Japanese Spitz, Papillon, Giant Schnauzer, Scottish Deerhound, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Miniature Schnauzer and several others.
Test Information
This mutation test detects a change of a single base pair in exon 5 of the F7 gene.
Genotype and Lab Report
Inheritance: autosomal recessive
→ The disease only occurs if both alleles of the gene are affected by the mutation (f7/f7). Dogs that have only one allele with the causative mutation (N/f7) are clinically healthy carriers.
Genotypes:
N/N = genetically normal
The dog has no predisposition for F7 deficiency and therefore cannot pass it on to its offspring.
N/f7 = a carrier
The dog is a clinically healthy carrier. The variation is passed on 50% to the offspring, which are then also carriers.
f7/f7 = affected
The variation is passed on 100% to the offspring. The offspring are carriers or affected.
Recommendations
- Carrier animals can be bred to normal animals (N/f7 x N/N). Before breeding with the offspring, it should be tested whether they are normal or carriers.
- Mating two carrier animals (N/f7 x N/f7) should be avoided because there is a 25% chance that the offspring will be affected.
- Affected animals (f7/f7) should be excluded from breeding.
Literature
Donner, J., Kaukonen, M., Anderson, H., Möller, F., Kyöstilä, K., Sankari, S., Hytönen, M., Giger, U., Lohi, H.: Genetic Panel Screening of Nearly 100 Mutations Reveals New Insights into the Breed Distribution of Risk Variants for Canine Hereditary Disorders.PLoS One 11:e0161005, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27525650. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161005.
Callan, MB., Aljamali, MN., Margaritis, P., Griot-Wenk, ME., Pollak, ES., Werner, P., Giger, U., High, KA.: A novel missense mutation responsible for factor VII deficiency in research Beagle colonies. J Thromb Haemost 4:2616-22, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16961583. Doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02203.x.
Kaae, JA., Callan, MB., Brooks, MB.: Hereditary factor VII deficiency in the Alaskan Klee Kai dog. J Vet Intern Med 21:976-81, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17939552.
Further information is available at Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals.